Answer: Both melasma and hyperpigmentation share common contributing factors, and understanding them is crucial in devising effective treatment plans:

1. Hormonal Imbalances:

Fluctuations in hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, can trigger melasma in women. Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and certain medications can lead to increased melanin production.

2. Sun Exposure:

Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate the production of melanin, exacerbating existing hyperpigmentation and melasma. Sunscreen is a vital defense against these conditions.

3. Genetics:

A family history of melasma or hyperpigmentation can increase an individual’s predisposition to developing these skin concerns.

4. Skin Inflammation and Trauma:

Injuries, acne, or skin inflammation can result in post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, leaving dark spots after the skin heals.

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